FAQ

Kyphosis refers to excessive forward curvature of the upper back, creating a rounded or hunched appearance. Everyone has some natural kyphosis in the thoracic spine, but excessive curvature becomes problematic. It can result from various causes including poor posture, developmental conditions like Scheuermann’s disease, compression fractures from osteoporosis, or congenital spinal abnormalities. Mild kyphosis may cause no symptoms, whilst severe cases can lead to back pain, stiffness, and in extreme situations, breathing difficulties if the chest cavity becomes restricted. Treatment depends on the cause, severity, and symptoms.

The approach depends on the cause and severity. Postural kyphosis from slouching often improves significantly with physiotherapy focusing on strengthening back muscles, stretching tight chest muscles, and postural awareness. However, structural kyphosis from conditions like Scheuermann’s disease or healed compression fractures cannot be fully corrected non-surgically in adults, as the bones have already fused in that position. Exercises can strengthen surrounding muscles and improve function even if the curve remains. Severe, progressive kyphosis causing significant symptoms or neurological problems may require surgical correction through procedures that straighten and stabilise the spine, though this is major surgery typically reserved for severe cases.

Not necessarily. Postural kyphosis results from consistently slouching and weak muscles, and it’s flexible, meaning you can straighten it when you consciously try. This type responds well to exercises and postural correction. Structural kyphosis involves actual changes to vertebral shape or alignment that don’t straighten when you try to stand up straight. This includes Scheuermann’s kyphosis, where vertebrae are wedge-shaped, or kyphosis from compression fractures. An examination can differentiate between flexible postural kyphosis and rigid structural kyphosis. X-rays taken while bending help assess the curve’s flexibility and measure its severity.

Treatment is warranted when kyphosis causes significant pain, progresses despite conservative measures, affects your ability to perform daily activities, or creates cosmetic concerns that impact your wellbeing. In adolescents with Scheuermann’s kyphosis, bracing may be recommended for progressive curves during growth. Severe kyphosis in older adults from compression fractures may need procedures like kyphoplasty if pain is disabling. Neurological symptoms from spinal cord or nerve compression are more urgent indications. Mild, non-progressive kyphosis without symptoms often needs no treatment beyond posture awareness and general fitness. Treatment is individualised based on the cause, severity, symptoms, and your goals.

It can, though not inevitably. Postural kyphosis may worsen if poor posture persists and back muscles remain weak. In older adults, osteoporosis can lead to compression fractures that progressively increase kyphosis. Scheuermann’s kyphosis typically progresses during adolescent growth but usually stabilises once growth completes, though the curve remains. Degenerative changes in spinal discs and joints can gradually increase kyphosis over many years. However, not everyone experiences progression. Maintaining good posture, staying active with exercises that strengthen back muscles, and managing osteoporosis if present all help prevent worsening. Regular monitoring allows early intervention if progression occurs.