Spinal Stenosis Causes

What is Spinal Stenosis?

Spinal Stenosis is the narrowing of one or more spaces within the spinal canal, the tunnel running through each vertebra and housing the spinal cord. Reduced space in the spinal canal can compress or irritate the spinal cord and its branching nerve roots.

This constriction can result in back pain and nerve-related issues, such as sciatica. Various conditions and injuries can contribute to a narrowed spinal canal. While spinal stenosis can affect anyone, it is most prevalent in individuals over the age of 50.

The primary reason behind spinal stenosis is typically age-related wear-and-tear changes in the spine due to arthritis. Severe cases may require surgical intervention.

What are the major causes of Spinal Stenosis?

Spinal Stenosis causes include:

• Bone Spurs: Arthritis-related wear-and-tear can cause extra growth of bone on the spine, known as bone spurs, which can encroach or hinder the spinal canal. Paget’s disease may also result in additional bone growth on the spine.
• Herniated Disks: The soft cushions between the spinal bones, known as disks, can herniate if the inner material leaks out, pressing on the spinal cord or nerves.
• Thick Ligaments: Over time, the strong ligaments holding the spinal bones together can become stiff and thick, potentially intruding into the spinal canal.
• Tumours: Though rare, tumours can develop inside the spinal canal.
• Spinal Injuries: Trauma due to car accidents or other incidents can cause spinal bones to fracture or displace. Post-surgical tissue swelling can also exert pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.

What are the final stages of Spinal Stenosis?

The grading system for spinal stenosis is divided into four distinct categories:

• Grade 1: Classified as mild spinal stenosis, this grade features a noticeable separation of the cauda equina. Although there may be some compression, it is relatively minor.
• Grade 2: Indicating moderate spinal stenosis, this grade shows partial grouping of the cauda equina, preventing clear separation. Nerve compression becomes more pronounced, possibly causing sensory changes and muscle weakness.
• Grade 3: Representing severe spinal stenosis, this grade is marked by the complete absence of cauda equina separation. At this stage, compression severely impairs nerve function, often resulting in the full spectrum of spinal stenosis symptoms.

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Symptoms during these stages

Spinal Stenosis usually develops gradually, with symptoms becoming more severe over time. Key signs of advanced spinal stenosis include persistent and severe pain radiating to the legs or arms, along with numbness and tingling sensations. The pain can vary from sharp and stabbing, to a constant, burning sensation.

Muscle weakness also becomes more evident. At this stage, a narrowed spinal canal can weaken muscles in the legs or arms, affecting activities such as walking, lifting objects, or maintaining balance. As a result, everyday tasks that were once simple may become challenging.

Mobility is further compromised as walking becomes increasingly difficult. People also experience discomfort and cramping even after walking for short distances, necessitating frequent breaks or the use of assistive devices like canes or walkers.

Get to know more about Spinal Stenosis causes.

Seek the most advanced treatment with Dr Sherief Elsayed

Learn more about the causes of spinal stenosis and take proactive steps towards effective management. For the most advanced treatment options, consult with our expert orthopaedic spine surgeon, Dr Sherief Elsayed, who specialises in cutting-edge approaches to alleviate and manage spinal stenosis.

Take control of your spine health and explore the innovative solutions available at Dr Sherief’s clinic.